Sexism In Our Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 842 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Sexism Essay Did you like this example? Sexism was a big deal long ago. Am I saying sexism does not exist? Of course not. It always will in some way. I am not to argue the cause of accepting it, but in the current situation people are just willing to argue for what they are biased for, people need to realize sexism is not on the level it is said to be, we have bigger problems in our society that we need to be more concerned about than sexism. In high school basketball, the girls ball is 1 inch smaller in circumference and 2 ounces lighter than the boys (Rose). Argues Linda B. in her article Gender and politics experts examine sexism, her point makes sense if you ask a girl athlete about how much attention her sport gets, she will disagree with the fact that they get any attention at all, in compared to men sport. But the fact that women lack sufficient testosterone to grow muscles as large as mens which I learned in my Biology class, is never used as a counter-argument. Men use their larger muscles to punch harder in boxing, maintain difficult holds in wrestling, shoot or throw a ball farther, have more endurance and block 300-pound lineman in football. In addition, that women sports have only lately started Thats the reason why men sports might be more intense than that of women, grabbing more attention and spectators, which explains why men athlete are paid more. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sexism In Our Culture" essay for you Create order As for sexism in Work field, gender pay gap had everyone fired, but an article I read called The equal pay day myth does a great job in explaining this issue. While a lot feminist will argue that women are forced into lower paying jobs, most women will verify that they want specific factors in a job. Most women want jobs with fewer risks, more comfortable conditions, regular hours, more personal fulfillment and greater flexibility.(Lukas). Also lets not forget about working mothers who play a big role in this aspect , a lot of mothers are willing to trade pay for hour flexibility, and are less likely to travel or move for a job. In the other hand men are willing take jobs that involve physical labor, outdoor work, overnight shifts and dangerous conditions (Lukas). Even those who have children tend to work more time in order to bring food for the family. Remember I said most women but not all, still thats enough to make large effect on statistics which affects how much women get paid. A big motive to business to pay men more might also be that in both standardized tests the ACT and SAT, girls are still a few points behind boys in math and science. Finally as for sexism in media. The fact that Sexism in Media have witness a big rise in the modern time is undeniable, The lyrics,videos, and other aspects of rap music does victimize and support the idea of women being treated like object. But lets not forget that the women referred to in those rap songs are women that expose themselves into being treated that way in order to achieve the fame and lifestyle of those rappers, leading to those rappers thinking that all women are like them. Victimization of women is not right, but not just because a specific group of people do it means that it exists in the same way in rest of the society. But as for being treated as an object, that can be avoided. If a woman acts with no morals and values and instead expose herself and body to other, shes more in a risk of being used as an object as to those women who act morally and are more careful with relationships. Always Remember; money, gold, and diamonds are valuable, why? Because theyre hard to get. When you make yourself and your body valuable you will for sure avoid being used as an object. In conclusion, Sexism, racism, and a lot of other isms will continue to exist. Were worrying too much about what we personally experience, and we forgot about the real deal here,being prejudice; the cultural and social assumptions that are ingrained in our American society that have always made us think and act a certain way. It is the reason why when we see an African Americans with saggy pants we assume theyre criminals. It is the reason why people with accents are believed to lack an awareness of American culture, It is the reason why Hillary clinton was not voted president and was said to be too emotional to handle the role of a president. Being prejudice is the reason why people in this room are not willing to accept each other. The first step of solving a problem is realizing that theres one, instead of focusing too much on sexism, lets just stop judging people by what they are and instead judge them by who they are, when we learn how to accept each others then all the other pi eces will fall in place.

General Hospital - 1158 Words

Conflict Resolution at General Hospital August 28, 2010 Conflict Resolution at General Hospital The current conflict Conflict as defined in the text is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011). In the case of General Hospital, the two parties at odds are the CEO Mike Hammer and the physicians represented by the Director of Medicine Dr. Mark Williams. Mr. Hammer also faced opposition from the hospitals’ board of trustees. The conflict stemmed from the fact that the hospital was no longer competitive and was losing money. Mr. Hammer was unable to convince the physicians or the board to adhere to any cost containing measures or†¦show more content†¦They will now have to develop their niche because of the new medical center but again that should not be a problem because of the skill level of their current staff. Three years ago, the organization I work for underwent a reorganization process. We followed the team approach and were able to see results in cost savings, and became more competitive in our field within the second year. Use of negotiation to achieve buy-in Negotiation is defined as â€Å"a process in which two or more interdependent individuals or groups perceive that they have both common and conflicting goals state and discuss proposals and preferences for specific terms of a possible agreement (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, pg.395).† Mr. Hammer mentioned â€Å"Good cop, bad cop† in his conversation with Ms. Harding. There plan is to use the Distributive Negotiation Strategy. Hellriegel/Slocum explains that one characteristic of this strategy is to sway the other party to your side by alternating sympathetic with threatening behavior (pg.397).† In this situation, Hammer has taken the role of sympathizer and Harding is in the threatening role. Based on the actions taken by Ms. Harding in regards to Dr. Boyer, her style could also be seen as ultimatums. After the bold move to implement change without warning by Harding, the medical director and the physicians were ready and willing to discuss their concerns. What is needed here is mediation. Both sides neededShow MoreRelatedLancaster General Hospital : A Voluntary, Non -profit Hospital Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesLancaster General Hospital is located in downtown Lancaster County. They are an acute care hospital that has 533 inpatient beds with 142 of them being semi-private rooms. The hospital is expanding, adding all private rooms for patients. The $60 million renovation will turn the hospital into six-stories. According to Lancaster General Health, â€Å"private-room design also reduces noise levels and traffic in and out of patient rooms and contributes to a reduction in patient stress levels, which in turnRead MoreGeneral Medical And Surgical Hospital Industry1820 Words   |  8 Pagesanalysis serves to explore the General Medical and Surgical Hospital industry, which is comprised of companies that provide medical, diagnostic and treatment services to people on an inpatient and outpatient basis at spec ialized medical, surgery, emergency and other healthcare facilities. Hospitals maintain inpatient beds and usually provide other services such as outpatient services, operating room services and pharmacy services (First Research, 2014). These hospitals offer a variety of services whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Rotherham District General Hospital Essay2068 Words   |  9 PagesLast year management guru sir Gerry Robinson came to help Rotherham district general hospital. On his visit, he was shocked to find long waiting lists, low staff morale and terrible relations between consultant and managers. However, Gerry was able to turn the hospital around with his business management expertise and one year later Gerry revisited Rotherham and is over the moon to see that the hospital continued to run efficiently after his departure. That being said new issues have risen such asRead MoreConsequences of Design Choices in General Hospitals1905 Words   |  8 Pagesdesign choices in general hos pitals. A general hospital is a large medical facility where patients with many different types of ailments are given care. In the United States there is a movement to improve the interiors of medical facilities by basing planning and design decisions on this evidence of beneficial features to achieve the best possible patient, staff and operational outcomes constituting evidence-based design. As a result these constructed or renovated hospitals will serve patientsRead MoreA Report on Accounts Receivable on Marysville General Hospital740 Words   |  3 PagesAs the Chief Financial Officer of Marysville General Hospital, I have informed the hospital board members, that the accounts receivable has quickly approached the 100th day mark. The accounts receivable had crept from the 70-80 day range within the past few months, which is greater than the average of 55 days. There are many factors that could be a potential reason as to why the hospital accounts receivable days are rising , however, collectively the board members will create a plan of action thatRead MoreMassachusetts General Hospital: Cabg Surgery (a) Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesMASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL: CABG Surgery (A) Today, governmental, corporate and individual customers increasingly are resisting insurers attempts to pass on rising healthcare costs. Healthcare providers costs meanwhile are escalating in the face of an aging population, expensive technologies and therapies... Both payers and providers must determine their true competencies and find ways to remain profitable despite leaner margins. In 1994, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), with its $1Read MoreSoutheast Region Tampa General Hospital : Needs Assessment1278 Words   |  6 PagesSoutheast Region Tampa General Hospital: Needs Assessment A needs assessment is the initial step in revising a current curriculum or initiating a new educational program (Keating, 2015). Once a problem is identified, a more targeted needs assessment can be determined (Bass Chen, 2016). From this needs assessment, identifiable, measurable objectives for developing a curriculum can be initiated (Kern, 2016). This paper will present the first part of the course project outline for the SoutheastRead MoreMassachusetts General Hospital: CABG Surgery (A) case study Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages1980s. It has been a growing concern in both the industry and society. Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) is no exception. Even though the average length of stay (LOS) for the patients in MGH has been declining (Exhibit 10), it is still the highest compared to their competitors (Exhibit 6). Besides the cost, there is no uniformity of process and standardization across different facilities and departments of the hospital. MGH lacks communication and coordination between the facilities. Key Issues: Read MoreThe Role Of Administrator And The Administration Of The Emergency Department At Virginia Beach General Hospital1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthe providers within. The best way to understand the role of an administrator is through an interview. The interview that was conducted was with a registered nurse that was promoted to the director of the Emergency Department at Virginia Beach General Hospital. This paper will explore the roles of an Administrator and what it takes to run a department or even a facility. Background of Administrator Kim Schmidt has worked in healthcare for over 15 years, she worked her way through the rankings becomingRead MoreThe Role Of Administrator And The Administration Of The Emergency Department At Virginia Beach General Hospital1267 Words   |  6 Pagesthe providers within. The best way to understand the role of an administrator is through an interview. The interview that was conducted was with a registered nurse that was promoted to the director of the Emergency Department at Virginia Beach General Hospital. This paper will explore the roles of an Administrator and what it takes to run a department or even a facility. Background of Administrator Kim Schmidt has worked in healthcare for over 15 years, she worked her way through the rankings becoming

Essay On Love Without Sex - 1715 Words

LOVE WITHOUT SEX: THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTIMACY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT WORK 1. Research topic In this article the research was focused on non-sexual relationships between men and woman in the workplace and the impact it has on the dynamics of the work group and the relationships with the co-workers, and the organizations they work for. There have been many studies done on sexual harassment in the workplace, but not on the benefits and potential costs of non-sexual relationships in the workplace between male and female workers. 2. Research method The research was done through questionnaires. The researchers first built a questionnaire with some key questions. They then used the data received from that research to narrow down the†¦show more content†¦Moreover, as organizations change their managing styles to include team building, networking and union building, the interactions between male and female co-workers increase. This creates the need to for co-workers to gain support from each other. These circumstances invite closer relationships between the opposite sex. Researchers found that it was important to investigate these relationships to get a better understanding of what prompted the relationships and the impact these relationships have for the organization and the workers. The research that was conducted focused benefits and pitfalls of these relationships, both for the workers and the organizations they worked for. 5. Methodology The research was first conducted through a questionnaire sent to 900 randomly selected members of a national association in professional training and development. The questionnaire asked a variety of questions related to experiencing non-sexual relationships in the workplace. The asked if the subjects had experienced non-sexual relationships in the workplace with the opposite sex. If they had stated yes, they were asked to describe that subjects, how the relationship began and any other key events. They asked the subjects to describe the characteristics of the relationship, the closeness of the relationship and what deterred the subjects from having a sexual relationship. They asked for further information about the benefitsShow MoreRelated Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSex Without Love by Sharon Olds Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately described the authors disgust for casual sex in which she vividly animates the immorality of lustful sex through the variety of her language. The sarcasm used in this selection can easily be misunderstood and quite confusing if the words and lines are not analyzed with specific construction. Olds clever use of imagery and frequent uses of similes, to make the reader imagine actual events, makes this poem comeRead MoreSex Without Love by Sharon Old Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages Sharon Olds’ poem â€Å"Sex Without Love† wonders at the ability for two people to have sex and not involve emotions or pretenses of love. The poem argues that it is better to have sex without love under the premise that love is a false savior for people, and everyone is all alone anyhow. In other words, the claim is that personal interactions do not serve a purpose other than being a distraction, and they will inevitably end. However, the notion th at attachment and love are false hopes for people andRead Morequot;Sex Without Love:quot;by Sharon Olds Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesshe has been praised for the courage and emotional power of her work which continues to witness pain, love, desire, and grief with persistent courage. Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately describes the authors disgust for casual sex and her attitude toward loveless sex as a cold and harmful act. She brilliantly uses various poetic techniques to animate the immortality of loveless sex through her words and her great description evoke clear image in the reader mind. One of the characteristicsRead MoreWhat is wrong with adultery Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesAdultery Bonnie Steinbock in her essay â€Å"What’s Wrong with Adultery?† starts by quoting the data from studies to show that the number of women who have committed adultery has significantly increased. Despite this increase in female adultery, it is in some degree due to the attitudes changing toward sex and sexuality, but Steinbock thinks that people should use rational justification to evaluate the disapproval of adultery. Then in the rest of the parts of Steinbock’s essay, she is generally arguing againstRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Elena By Elena Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesName: Institution: Course: Date: Comparison Essay In the poem, Elena, the author conveys the main theme using the two main protagonists. The poem shows the feelings of a mother who has lost touch with her children, since they are no longer a big cohesive family as was the case in Mexico. All her children sang and engaged in sporting activities at their leisure time. The phrase â€Å"understanding every word they’d say.† is emotional and to some extent painful since she remembers the time she spentRead More Gays Have a Right to Marry Essay779 Words   |  4 Pagesfaces that time when their parent or parents choose to tell them about sex. Well, what if it happened that instead of sex your parents chose to tell you about the injustice of not letting people in the gay community marry. If this was to happen, then there would be a better understanding of gay relationships and their want to get married. This would more then likely lead to the ending of the ban on gay marriages. In his essay â€Å"Let Gays Marry†, Andrew Sullivan, who happens to be a homosexual maleRead MoreWomen can Stand with Men819 Words   |  3 Pagesliving moment. This essay will pertain to how women should be treated justly and equally to men when in the hookup and sex culture, having the â€Å"slut stigma† reduced to a minimum. It is said that men seduce and women are designed to be seduced. This entails that women who want to be active in the sex culture have to â€Å"pull maneuvers† to be seduced by men, for example wear â€Å"slut attire†, or behave in a â€Å"slut† manner. The word â€Å"slut† is used to describe a woman who is part of the sex and hookup cultureRead More Comparing William Bennetts Leave Marriage Alone and Andrew Sullivans Let Gays Marry1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthousands years, marriage has been a combination between a man and a woman. When they love each other, they decide to live together. That is marriage. But what will love happen between two same sex persons? Will they marry? Is their marriage acceptable? It is the argument between two authors: William J. Bennett and Andrew Sullivan. The two authors come from different countries and have different opinion about same sex marriage. Sullivan agrees with the gay marriage because of human right, on the othe rRead More thematic essay on identity941 Words   |  4 Pages Thematic Essay on Identity nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many aspects of identity in the poem â€Å"Sex without Love,† by Sharon Olds. I can relate my own thoughts to how the author views the subject that she talks about in this poem. There has been a situation in my own life where I was thinking to myself, just as the author was, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without love?† (Olds 740). Having been raised as a well-rounded and disciplined person, as well as religious, I know theRead MoreGay Marriage: Refutation Researched Argument1465 Words   |  6 Pages Gay sex marriage is the most conflicting issue in the contemporary social world. Marriage is an association of persons through which we perceive the reflection of a particular culture. It is basically a private matter and a fundamental human right. People should have the right to decide with whom they marry, not the state. If two persons are closed to each other regardless of their gender, they should be allowed to marry with each other  (Eric). Legalizing gay marriage is granting same-sex couples

The Crucible Research Paper West Memphis Three - 1480 Words

Crucible Research Paper : West Memphis Three The West Memphis Three terminology was birthed when three troubled, teenage boys were accused of brutally torturing and murdering three young, innocent boys in West Memphis, Arkansas, in May of 1993. Authorities had mounting pressure to find the culprits responsible for the unspeakable crime. In a very short time, the three teens were accused, arrested and then charged with the brutal crime. It was not Salem, Massachusetts, but a witch-hunt was going on in West Memphis. It was almost three hundred years later, but three teenagers had to feel like they were being treated like witches that had to be put away. Chris Byers, Michael Moore, and Stevie Branch were the three innocent eight year old boys who were on a bike ride adventure on May 5, 1993 and never returned home again. Family, friends and the entire community were mortified beyond belief. It was unspeakable what happened to the boys. Chris, Michael, and Stevie were found in Robin Hood Hills naked, bound and mutilated. Immediately, rumors began that due to the brutal nature of the crime, it had to be that of satanic doing. On the flip side of the above innocent youngs boys, there are the three very troubled teens that live in the same town. Damien Echols, Jessie Misskelley, and Jason Baldwin. They were three well known teenagers in West Memphis Arkansas. The three teens had definitely made a name for themselves in their home town. There were rumors of

A New Era for Advertisers Free Essays

In his article, â€Å"The Post Advertising Age,† Bob Garfield describes the end of advertising as we know it.   According to the author, a substantial number of television and print advertisers may soon find themselves out of work because online advertising is increasing. As a matter of fact, numberless viewers of television and readers of print media have already been seduced by the world wide web, which now caters to their viewing and reading needs better than television and print media ever could. We will write a custom essay sample on A New Era for Advertisers or any similar topic only for you Order Now The world of the Internet is interactive, allowing users to fulfill their viewing or reading needs depending on their demands at any given time.   The television and print media, on the other hand, do not carry the advantages that the Internet has.   In short, the kinds of choices available to users of the Internet cannot be matched by the advantages of television or print media. The only choice for a television viewer is to change the channels until he or she finds something of interest.   The reader of a print magazine, on the other hand, has to purchase a new magazine if the one that he has already bought does not suit his interests. The Internet, on the contrary, is not only cheap, but also has the advantage of presenting all kinds of information to the user.   Hence, the advantages of online advertising surpass the advantages of television and print media advertising based on the basic benefits of Internet use as compared to television and print media. The number of people viewing MTV has been drastically reduced, thanks to the virtues of the Internet which allows the MTV generation to now enjoy online videos.[1]   Also according to Garfield: In December 2005, Viacom spun off CBS, the so-called Tiffany Network, lest the broadcast business impede growth and depress shareholder value. Just before Christmas 2005, Time Inc. laid off 100 employees.   Just after Christmas, in January 2006, Time Inc. laid off 100 more employees.   In April 2006, Time Inc. laid off 250 more employees-the last round of job cuts, the company said.   In January, Time Inc. laid off 300 more employees.   No wonder.   Since 2001, Time Warner’s market capitalization has shrunk to $82 billion from $193 billion. Last fall, ostensibly to promote their new seasons, five broadcast networks bypassed their local affiliates and gave away new programs online. In October 2006, NBC announced a $750 million cost cutback, including 700 jobs and amoratorium on scripted programs in the first hour of prime time. In November 2006, Clear Channel-the boogeyman of media consolidation-sold to private- equity owners and declared that it wants to unload its TV and small-market radio stations. The sale fetched $38 a share.   In 2000, the stock sold at $100 a share. The Minneapolis Star Tribune, acquired by McClatchy in 1998 for $1.2 billion, was sold to private investors in December 2006 for $530 million. In 2000, Chicago-based Tribune Co. was valued at $12 billion.   It then bought Times- Mirror Co. for more than $8 billion.   At this writing, with Tribune Co. for sale as a whole or in part, the value of the merged company is $7.34 billion.[2] [1] Bob Garfield, The Post Advertising Age, Advertising Age, 78(13): 26 March 2007. How to cite A New Era for Advertisers, Papers

Comparative Study of the Literary Works of Sisters- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theComparative Study of the Literary Works of Brone Sisters. Answer: The following report is a discussion on the study of literature of the Victorian era. The varied themes like styles, genres and lifestyles of the Victorian era is well reflected in the literary works of the Bronte sisters. The below report will encompass a comparative study on the literary works of the two Bronte sisters- Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte. The two literary works that will be debated in the report will be Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte. Even though it might appear that both the novels encircle the same genre of literature, there are quite a few distinctive differences in the two novels. The report will highlight both the similarities and the dissimilarities that are there in the two novels. The report will compare and contrast the theme of love, betrayal and revenge in the two novels and will highlight the differences in the setting of the plot of the story. Apart from that the report will furnish the major differences that are identified in the screen adaptations of the two novel. A Critical Review of Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre is one of the finest works of Charlotte Bronte who was mainly concerned with the judgement of her work (Eyre). The chief concern that bothered her was that her writings must be judged on the basis of their own merits and not on her gender. This is the reason why Charlotte Bronte published all her book under the pseudonym Currer Bell. Jane Eyre, the first novel published by Charlotte Bronte was vehemently criticized as a Feminist novel because of it romanticism and feminist emotions of the heroine who is the main narrator of the novel (Charlotte). The then Victorian critic GH Lewes called it a naughty book due to the strange subjective representation in the book. Many critics were of the opinion that Currer Bell must be a woman and hence attacked the book by calling it coarse and immoral. The novel was called so as it presented a female character, a heroine who completely contradicts the then contemporary societal values who always stands up for the righteousness. Currel Bel l was criticized as moral Jacobinism by the conservative Quarterly Review as they state that the author of the novel is trying to start a revolution. With the gradual success of the novel the pseudonym of the author was exposed which allowed the novel to attain a further level of importance in the then society by driving the public to breach their sexist perception of feminine authorship (Wootton). The novel Jane Eyre composed in a first-person narrative, depicts the life of Jane Eyre, a simple humble girl who grew up to an intelligent lady recovering herself from her traumatic childhood. In the course of the novel, Bronte showed five stages of Janes development- her childhood that she spent with her tyrannical aunt and cousins; her student life which she had spent in the Lowood school, her life as a governess at Thornfield Manor, the time that she spent with her cousins at Marshs End and lastly, her last life that shows her return to Thornfield Manor where she married Mr. Rochester (Kroeber). It is believed that the novel Jane Eyre is a portrayal of Charlotte Brontes own life and hence Jane Eyre is her autobiography. The novel is in a form of Germanic Bildungsroman that presents a struggle that a girl faces throughout her life to build her own identity. While assessing her own work Charlotte Bronte said that her contemporaries works and particularly in the works of Jane Austen there were lack of emphasize on the human eyes, hands, mouth and feet as Austen emphasized more on the human heart. According to Bronte, the writings must not contain coldness, unnecessary analysis, detachment and critical distance. In her opinion, the article must encompass the main subject and must be an inspirational one and not necessarily explain the rational logic behind it. This feature is most prominent in the gothic novel of the era and hence the novel is regarded as a gothic novel of the period. The novel written from a first person point of view is entirely told through the eyes of the heroine and is a deliberate attempt of Charlotte Bronte to intensify the plot of the events with passion, feelings and judgements of the heroine. The novel which is written in a tragic and subdued form reflects the personal experiences of Bronte in a more generalized way. Although Jane Eyre falls under many categories like Romance, Mystery and Gothic Fiction, the novel can be considered as a classic romantic novel as the novel represented the passionate relationship that Jane had with Mr. Rochester. The novel is called gothic because of its infusion of supernatural activities and fantasy throughout the novel (Bernard). The entire novel revolves around an eerie and unnatural atmosphere where we encounter characters like Mr. Rochester, a typical Byronic hero, his wife Bertha, a mad woman locked in an attic and other characters whose appearances are not at all clear. The novel when published under masculine pseudonym received a strong opposition and criticisms from its contemporary society. Lady Eastlake being conservative opined that if the book was composed by a woman then she had long forfeited the society of her own sex. The rattle views of Jane Eyre as to how women should behave and act in a society suggesting in Lady Eastlakes views is almost overthrowing a social order (Ingham). Jane Eyre is a novel that chiefly focuses on the better aspects of life of a woman in spite of depicting their plight and struggles in life compared with the other contemporary novels of the time. The character Jane as presented in the novel is not a traditional heroine with her charm and charismatic behavior unlike the other Victorian heroines. Charlotte made her heroine simple and plain who contradicts the women of her era. Jane is a character who is not less significant than a male character in terms of her maturity and emotional strengths. Gao opines that this depiction of the heroine went against the beliefs of the society. One of the significant aspect that Charlotte Bronte has incorporated in her novel is the fascination with health that the Victorians had during the 19th century. This feature of the novel is illustrated through the character of Bertha, the insane wife of Rochester. In the Victorian era at times health was given much more importance than that of politics, religion and Darwinism. In the opinion of Sonja Mayer, the Victorians believed that there was an interdependency of the mind and body and it helps in gaining strength. Besides there were people as opined by Mayer who believed that there is an interrelation between the physical and mental health. Charlotte infused all these attitudes in the character of Bertha who suffers from mental illness and threatens her husband to death by putting the house on fire (Franklin). The novel illustrated these two characters who are totally contrasting to each other as Bertha is displayed as a monster to the readers. This is evident from Rochesters de scription of Bertha as a lady with red balls of eyes always putting up a mask in her face and bulk and is called gone mad by her own husband. The Victorians would interpret this as a lack of mental stability. On the contrary, Jane is mentally strong who struggles throughout her life to become successful even after encountering various difficulties at each stage of her life. Thus, it can be said that Bronte has recognized explicit disparities between Jane and Bertha but at the same time indicated that there are underpinning matches between these two fanatical forms of womanhood. Comparison and Contradistinction of the Representation of Children in the Two Novels Genre lifts art when it contributes somewhat valuable to the storyline. It converts pastiche and is rendered hopeless if it only incorporates artistic concern for the spectator. The Bronte sisters were experts of utilizing this device of genre to enrich their writing while contributing advanced modifications to the English gothic novel. The childhood of the Bronte sisters was afflicted by death, isolation and abusive or negligent relationships with adults just like their protagonists. The death of their mother at an early age and then their boarding life at the impoverished, slack and abusive Cowan Bridge School contributed prominently to the plot of their novels. In both of these novels the theme of child abuse is quite common as the novels highlighted the real struggle that the two sisters have faced in their childhood. The childhood represented in the novel Jane Eyre reflected the life of children in the contemporary Victorian era. The children in the Victorian era were considered as characters who are innocent, honest and unaware of intellectual opinion. However, when the novel Jane Eyre was published in the year 1847, it presented a different fresh voice to the world as the novel introduced an obsessive, angry and insolent child. In the 19th century there were many instances of such passionate and stubborn child where the readers saw how the behavior of the child is mended by undergoing a severe terrible fate. However, in case of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte clearly articulated to her readers that her rebellious child would not tolerate the oppression of the adults as she will protest against all the adult tyranny. Charlotte Bronte focused her attention on the emotions of agony and plight that Jane experienced in her childhood as she undertakes her journey from Gateshead and into the mysterious st ruggling for an enhanced future. On the other hand, Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights published under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, revolves around two central characters Catherine and Heathcliff who were brought up together and the novel narrates their struggle that they had faced in order to be together. The novel although initially highlighted the theme of child abuse, Emily Bronte in the course of the novel infused concepts of violence, domination, revenge, betrayal and desire to intensify the plot of the story. While the theme of childhood in Jane Eyre outlines Janes fight for morality, the theme of childhood in Wuthering Heights is presented with acts of violence. This is the reason why Wuthering Heights is often called a destructive one. As the story progresses the readers find that the relationship that Cathy and Heathcliff shares is full of fierce craving and rather violent rows. Their meetings appeared to be animal-like to a certain extent. In the same way, the relationship of Heathcliff with Isabella and Cather ine are similarly depicted with roughness and brutality. The theme that was common in both the novels is the theme of orphanage. In both the novels it is observed that the children spent their early life either in their relatives house or in boarding where they experienced adult exploitation and. In the novel Jane Eyre, Jane from an early age knew that she was physically inferior to Eliza, John and Georgiana, her cousins (Allott). They recognized themselves hierarchically depending on their status of abilities possessed by them such as power, domination and wealth. Jane belonged to the bottom of the hierarchy as she possessed no qualities as such. Mrs. Reeds, aunt of Jane and mother of the three cousins although pretended to be a woman who is equally affectionate towards all the members of the family is in real a rich woman who is hollow and arrogant. Her children are no less than their mother as they are also spoiled, unkind and impolite (Henson). Similarly, in the novel Wuthering Heights the story highlighted the living and the surviving of two children under the abusive treatment of their older brother. Indeed, Catherine Earnshaw or Cathy, the heroine of the story expires at an age of 18 during childbirth, an age that is not even reaching adulthood. The book depicted how violence can act as hindrance in the path of growth. Comparison of the Two Women Characters in the Two Novels In the year 1847, when Wuthering Heights was published feminism or gender equality was just at its beginning and the theme seemed to be a radical one for many people (Chitham). When the story was published the public had a notion that a woman in order to survive in her life must depend on a man. Emily Bronte through her depiction of the woman characters tried to eradicate this social concept (Emily). Catherine Earnshaw, the leading female character of the novel Wuthering Heights is a remarkably strong and self-confident girl who is not an orthodox Victorian angel of the house personality (Wootton). Catherine, a narcissistic character can easily be portrayed as a childish and stubborn whose free spirit of independence is one of the progressive nature of women that were not found in the contemporary ages. Although Catherines marriage to Edgar was mostly for wealth and security for her future, she was much ahead of the women of that era. In comparison with the context of todays world, it might seem to be a drawback and may not be considered strong, at that phase of time it was the only means of a protective future for the women (Shachar). In the course of the novel, the readers get to know that the marriage of Catherine to Edgar is actually a deliberate attempt of Catherine to help Heathcliff to come out from her brothers domination (Levine). Heathcliff who suffers torture from Cath erines elder brother told her servant Nelly that if she married Heathcliff, then would have become beggars and so her marriage to Linton is actually to save Heathcliff from her brothers power. In the opinion of Catherine, it can be thus said that her marriage to Linton is actually a sacrifice of herself to make situations better for Heathcliff (Lee). On the other hand, the character Isabella is depicted as an immature, ruined and stupid. Although Isabella in her childhood never protested against the wrong in times of need, she stood up for the immoral as soon as she married Heathcliff and reaches Wuthering Heights. Isabella on her very first night at Wuthering Heights killed Hindley, when Hindley showed Catherine his gun which he hoped to use for killing Heathcliff. This is for the first time Isabella started to consider the possibility that she is not a prey and she can protect herself (Herawati). Even after this, Isabella still keeps a notion of a violent passionate romanticism towards Heathcliff. However, in their relationship there is less passion and more violence. Isabella comes out from this abusive relationship and left Heathcliff and settled in London all by herself. This decision of Isabella conveyed a strong message for the women of her age and presented that women can also endure on their own as she not only cared for herself but also for her brother Linton and the child that she gave birth a few days before leaving Wuthering Heights (Ansari et al). The most prominent genre that dominates in the writings of Emily Bronte is probably the gothic. The novel Wuthering Heights with its eerie settings, typical mysterious atmospheric conditions, multiple narrations, inhuman characters and motifs of sadism, revenge and betrayal are ideal for the gothic structure of the novel (Haque). Various researches have proved that Emily Bronte portrayed her creativity by incorporating gothic materials in her writings that at the end not only remained a mere gothic work but a literary work more than that. The heroines in Wuthering Heights have in them an essential positivity which empowers them to fight against Heathcliff and all others negative forces (Reichbart). Their negative sides are reflected through the image of Heathcliff whereas their positive individual strength are depicted through the stereotypical gothic image. They come out from their negative role and started living their lives on their own terms. Although this is the common aspect of all the heroines of the novel there are certain differences among themselves and are almost opposite to each other. Each of the women had some unique features among them and as a result their images were not enough cleared for themselves too. In other words, the female characters in Wuthering Heights offered a counterpoise together and depicted an overall picture of women together. This is another instance of the gothic novel as they do not individually fuse into one, but as a group they create a unity (ALBAN). Revenge is one of the pre-dominant issue in the novel Wuthering Heights. In the novel, there are many causes for the emergent of revenge within the characters. The protagonist of the novel Catherine is a real representation of the Victorian women as she betrayed Heathcliff even after loving him but married Edgar for her financial support (Schwartz). Catherines marriage to Edgar is the main reason for the rise of revenge and automatically this led to the death of many lives in the course of the novel. The behavior of Edgar, Catherine and Hindley towards Heathcliff appeared to be coldhearted and impolite and this contributed to the rise of hurtful nature within Heathcliff. Heathcliff demonstrated that extreme of love is equally injurious as extreme of hate. Here comes the role of revenge as his love for Catherine made him determined to seek revenge by killing many innocent souls. The novel thus showed destructive relationships between characters as the novel pre-dominantly depicted the theme of jealousy, revenge and strong desire for harming people (Shachar). Comparison and Contradistinction of the Setting and Background of the Two Novels In both the literary works, Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, setting plays a significant role. The term setting can be defined as time and place at which the events are taking place. The settings of the novel are constructed in such a way that it completely merges with the characters of the novel. In the novel Wuthering Heights, the setting symbolizes the nature or characteristics of the character, while in Jane Eyre the setting is used to develop the plot of the story (ALBAN). The tone in both the novels are submissive and suspicious and the readers are introduced in an atmosphere of eerie and unknown. The unusual creepiness in both the novels draws attention of the readers to the mental tension that is created within the characters of the novels. The wild, uncivilized and the untamed nature of the Wuthering Heights contributed to the violence of the novel. The chaos that is prevalent in the novels represents the mental pressure that the character s experiences in the novel. Both the novelists utilized nature and weather conditions to reciprocate the feelings of the central characters of the novels (Birkhead). Major Differences in the Screen Adaptation of the Two Novels The primary difference from the script to the screen in the case of the famous literary pieces, Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights, are that the film adaptations portray the routine old-fashioned romance and temperamental mystery (Wootton). In the film world, conventional tropes of romance, sorrow and melodrama fetches audiences in large number to the movie halls. People find the above emotions to be easily comprehensible and enjoyable. Left with no other option, the film directors and the producers feel the compulsion to implement rock-bottom themes in their movie adaptations. As a result, the movie adaptations of literary masterpieces are also no exception. The beautiful and intriguing scripts of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights consist of themes pertaining to childhood exploitations, anguish and isolation. These themes were standard to be found in the writings of the renowned Bronte sisters as they specialized in providing dark themed novels to their loyal readers (Shachar). However, since the original scripts of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights would not prove to be bankable for the movie production units, therefore they were completely omitted from their respective movie portrayals. Therefore, this is one the difference between the script to the screen of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. The second difference between the script and the screen of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights pertains to the voice of narrations and the characterization of the main characters. In the literary pieces, the main characters were depicted to be in the age bracket of ten to eighteen (Shachar). Due to this, the literary pieces reflected the various upheavals in a childs life such as the emergence of adolescence, romantic involvements, and inappropriate advances and strong emotional transitions and more. However, in the movie adaptations, the main characters were not casted as children due to the apprehension of public displeasure and disapproval. This ultimately, made the audience to miss the captivating and soul wrenching element of the stupendous novels. This is therefore a difference between the screen and the script of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. The third difference between the script and the screen of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights is the erroneous portrayal of the psychological suffering and agony of the main characters. The Bronte sisters spend a magnificent amount of time in demonstrating to the readers the disheartening pain and affliction which the main characters have experienced in their childhood phase (Wootton). The untimely demises of the guardians in the life cycle of the main characters and the feelings of torment and scorn faced by the main characters were found to be astonishingly missing in the movie adaptations. In the movie adaptations, the main characters were casted as two aspiring and dreaming romantic partners, with complete ignorance about the real life world (Shachar). Whereas in the novel the main emphasis was given on the str uggle and the mental tension that the characters suffered to survive peacefully. Therefore, these are some major differences between the script and the screen adaptation of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. Conclusion Thus the report furnishes the major contrasts that the two novels have even though they are considered to be of the same genre. The two novels written by two sisters are actual representation of their own life and they reflect the drawbacks that the contemporary women in the society faced. The assignment thus proves that Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights highlighted the two different social aspects that were prevalent in the then Victorian society- Revenge and Betrayal. The novels also highlighted that women can equally compete with the men and at times they are capable of sustaining their own livelihood. References ALBAN, Gillian ME. "Women Torn Between Thwarted Oppression and Aggressive Self-Expression in the Writings of Atwood, Carter, Byatt and Winterson."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDIA, CULTURE AND LITERATURE: 103. Allott, Miriam, ed.The Bronts: the critical heritage. Routledge, 2013. Ansari, Sanaullah, et al. "The Themes of Evil and Revenge in Wuthering Heights a Novel by Emily Bronte." Bernard, Robert.The accents of persuasion: Charlotte Bronte's novels. Faber Faber, 2013. Birkhead, Edith.The tale of terror: a study of the gothic romance. The Floating Press, 2012. Charlotte, Bronte.Jane Eyre. Leda, 2016. Chitham, Edward.The Birth of Wuthering Heights: Emily Bront at Work. Springer, 2016. Emily, Bronte.Wuthering Heights. , 2017. Eyre, Jane. "Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bront." Franklin, Caroline.The female romantics: nineteenth-century women novelists and Byronism. Vol. 18. Routledge, 2012. Gao, Haiyan. "Reflection on feminism in Jane Eyre."Theory and Practice in Language Studies3.6 (2013): 926. Haque, Salma. "ISABELLA LINTONS COURAGE IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS: A STUDY." Henson, Eithne.Landscape and gender in the novels of Charlotte Bront, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy: the body of nature. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2013. Herawati, Septian.BOOK REVIEW OF WUTHERING HEIGHTS WRITTEN BY EMILY BRONT. Diss. Diponegoro University, 2015. Ingham, Patricia.The Bronts. Routledge, 2014. Kroeber, Karl.Styles in Fictional Structure: Studies in the Art of Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot. Princeton University Press, 2015. Lee, Louise. "Wuthering Heights."A Companion to the Brontes96 (2016): 81. Levine, George.Boundaries of Fiction. Princeton University Press, 2015. Reichbart, Richard. "REVENGE: NARCISSISTIC INJURY, RAGE, AND RETALIATION. Edited by Salman Akhtar and Henri Parens." (2015): 806-813. Schwartz, Laura.Infidel Feminism: Secularism, Religion and Women's Emancipation, England 1830-1914. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2013. Shachar, Hila.Cultural Afterlives and Screen Adaptations of Classic Literature: Wuthering Heights and Company. Springer, 2012. Wootton, Sarah. "Introduction."Byronic Heroes in Nineteenth-Century Womens Writing and Screen Adaptation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. 1-29. Wootton, Sarah. "Introduction."Byronic Heroes in Nineteenth-Century Womens Writing and Screen Adaptation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. 1-29.

Knowledge Management and E-Commerceâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Knowledge Management and E-Commerce? Answer: Introduction Knowledge management and e-commerce are important aspects that are deployed in any organization that is adopting the present trends in the business world (Agrawal,2009). The two concepts are important to Rio Tinto because they are the primary factors that determine the efficiency, effectiveness, urgency, and accuracy when carrying out operations. Discussion Rio Tinto is an exemplary organization that is utilizing knowledge management and e-commerce to sustain its operations. In particular, the use of tacit and explicit knowledge is evident in the management of the organization (Knowledge Management - Managing Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, n.d.). Tacit knowledge entails the knowledge that people possess in their mind, and it's hard to document it- for example, a skill of knowing how to operate a given machine is intrinsic such that is involves experimental activities (Ruggles, Holtshouse, 1999). On the other hand, explicit knowledge encompasses structured and unstructured procedures written down or stored in databases. Structured knowledge includes the procedure like the written down policies, vision, culture, and organization structure (De Brun, 2005). Contrary to this, unstructured knowledge entails emails, video, images, and audio items that cannot be arranged in a chronological manner for retrieval. Rio Tinto utilizes both the tacit and explicit knowledge management techniques to facilitate its operations. In another prospect, knowledge management is important to the employees, the community, and Rio Tinto at large. The benefits vary from one facet to the other; for the employee of Rio Tinto, knowledge management helps them in the following ways: Helps employees to improve their performance through the practice of better time management and decision making. Knowledge gives employees a wide scope regarding challenges and opportunities they face in the workplace. On the other hand, knowledge management helps Rio Tinto to sustain and improve their competitive edge- doing market intelligence to counter their competitors, facilitates decision making, and development of the best organization structure as well as maintaining best practices. Also, knowledge management boosts innovation and improves the quality of products produced by the company. To the community, knowledge management has enabled Rio Tinto to develop mutual understanding with external parties including but not limited to investors, customers, and other bodies. In this manner, Rio Tinto is better placed regarding networking and promoting cohesive relationship with their peers. Finally, knowledge management has facilitated the development of a code of ethics that other companies are emulating. The global footprint of Rio Tinto is attributed to the proper knowledge management for an extended period now that is formed the basis of their success. Notably, the success is underpinned to the efforts and strengths injected by the management to ensure maximum coordination of activities internally and externally (Awad, Ghaziri,2010). For sure, were it not for incorporation of teamwork, integrity, safety, and development of proper ethical code the company would have been under siege. All the above attributes are the end products of knowledge management. For example, to manage a workforce of about 50000 in 35 countries globally is not an easy task (About Rio Tinto - Rio Tinto, n.d.). Such a step of globalization calls for proper knowledge management, coordination, and the streamlining the activities to ensure Rio Tinto stick towards achieving the set objectives as a team in a cohesive manner. Therefore, Rio Tinto embraces a culture that puts the safety of its workers at the frontline; where every person understand the importance of human security while handling various machines without compromising the business operation. Rio Tinto is well represented in the various regions including but not limited to South Africa, UK, Australia, Asia, and Europe due to the existence of proper knowledge. The global footprint is underpinned by the expertise of using knowledge to advertise and penetrate new markets by supplying the right products that meet the quality of clients and availing the products in the customer destinations at the right time. The logistics for availing such products is made possible because Rio Tinto owns and operates some channels of transportation like railways, ship, and ports hence it is an added advantage on their side. E-commerce is another prospect that Rio Tinto is not ignoring at all costs. E-commerce is well understood as the operation of activities using electronic devices (Rigby, 2014). However, most people fail to recognize the various forms that are underpinned to e-commerce. For a couple of years, e-commerce has remained attractive. Undoubtedly, digital technology is bringing a lot of transformation in the business industry. There are diverse forms of e-commerce that exist, and business can use more than one form of e-commerce to carry out its operations (Dyer, 2011). For the case of Rio Tinto, because it operates on bulky goods and sophisticated minerals that require special packaging and handling, the business uses precisely Business to consumer approach and business to administration approach. The nature of operation of Rio Tinto continues to generate value for the company and the community. However, Rio Tinto management is aware of the environmental implications that their activities pose to the surrounding environment. Therefore, Rio Tinto works in partnership with the affected members of the community to share the wealth to subside the threats that the members are exposed to as a result of mining. Thus, the benefits are extended to the neighboring communities, employees, suppliers, and partners. Also, Rio Tinto looks for innovative solutions of operating by participating and working hand in hand with organizations like the International Counsel of mining metal to implement sustainable standards to counter the challenges related to mining. Such collaborations strengthen the business to a regulatory approach of Commerce (Djoleto,2013). Barker (2002) argues that the primary goal of e-commerce is to bring suppliers and customers together, reduce operation cost, enhance electronic transactions, and improve inventory control to an organization. To some extent, this might be true because the rate at which Rio Tinto and other companies are adopting and shifting to e-commerce is palpable. Indeed, electronic technology has altered the way businesses are conducted since the inception of e-commerce. Barker (2002), emphasizes that studies show that about 75% of mining companies in Canada believe there is a potential opportunity in e-commerce. Notably, Rio Tinto is investing immensely in technology to ensure they compete favorably in the global market. For instance, research has proven that technology can be used to slash down the cost and this is a way of survival- remaining in business. Also, Rio Tinto is navigating through the industry through using collaborative sites and the use of reverse electronic auctions. The collaborative website is web-based databases the company is using to communicate with the various centers such that they facilitate global knowledge sharing (Walsh, 2016). Also, the sites provide the necessary content like Rio Tinto portfolio, products, and services hence the clients can know the company offers by visiting the sites. In a nutshell, the collaborative sites are meant to improve communication between the business and other parties. On the contrary, reverse action is used to control certain transactions in the business setting. Adopting e-commerce as part of the business process of an organization is an integral component that has both negative and positive implications for the organization (Advantages of Ecommerce, Disadvantages of Ecommerce, Ecommerce Business Review, n.d.). Rio Tinto is enjoying the following benefits as a result of adopting e-commerce: efficiency and speed of business operation have been fastened. It is evident Rio Tinto is has facilitated information sharing by utilizing the collaborative sites. Also, e-commerce has made it easy for the company to operate globally, and penetrate new markets there is a high rate of contact between the company`s customers the managements. On the contrary, the significant negative implication of adopting this method is that, that the initial cost and maintenance are expensive but the Rio Tinto countered these challenges by implementing e-commerce is phased. Also, the general problem is that e-commerce provides a gateway for hackers to compromise the syste m; however, Rio Tinto has not experienced complex hacking problems so far (Phillips,2016). Conclusion In conclusion knowledge management and e-commerce are two primary factors that have contributed to the success of Rio Tinto. The management of Rio Tinto seem to understand the importance of proper knowledge management to the employees, community, and the organization at large. In another perspective, e-commerce has seen the company compete in the international market because it has enabled the company to coordinate its activities in the 35 countries it operates at ease by integrating their databases to achieve a common objective. Recommendation Although Rio Tinto has a collaborative sites that links the company with its clients, it is important they adopt a virtual community platform or an online store that will enable clients to view their products, make enquiry, and even place online orders. This can be achieved by implementing the electronic payment system and integrating it with the company database to allow clients to make payments by using their credit cards or PayPal accounts. If this is implemented, Rio Tinto management should be sure of attracting more clients as well as multiplication of number of transactions that can later translate to huge sales. References About Rio Tinto - Rio Tinto. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.riotinto.com/aboutus/about-rio- tinto-5004.aspx Advantages of Ecommerce, Disadvantages of Ecommerce, Ecommerce Business Review. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.esalestrack.com/blog/2008/09/advantages-and-disadvantages- of.html Agrawal,R.C. (2009).Knowledge Management. New Delhi: ABD Publishers. Awad,E.M., Ghaziri,H.M. (2010).Knowledge management. North Garden, V.A: International Technology Group Ltd. Barker,P. (2002, July 1). E-commerce: What's up with e-commerce? - Canadian Mining JournalCanadian Mining Journal. Retrieved from https://www.canadianminingjournal.com/features/e-commerce-what-s-up-with-e-commerce/ Dalkir, K. 2011. Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice, 2nd Edn. The MIT Press, Boston, MA. De Brun, C. 2005. The ABC of Knowledge Management. NHS National Library for Health: Knowledge Management Specialist Library located at https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/docs/ABC_of_KM.pdf accessed 9 August 2016. Djoleto,W. (2013).Electronic commerce and organizational leadership: Perspectives and methodologies. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Dyer,J. (2011, July 15).Think Like an Innovator[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSxSinVVRLw Ecommerce Europe, 2016. Cross Border e-Commerce Barometer at Ecommerce Europe website at www.ecommerce-europe.eu/.../research-report-cross-border-e-commerce-barometer- 2... accessed 7 May 2017. Knowledge Management - Managing Tacit and Explicit Knowledge[Video file]. (n.d.)Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1PSSxB4Lxs Phillips,J. (2016).Ecommerce analytics: Analyze and improve the impact of your digital strategy. Old Tappan, NJ: Pearson Education. Rigby, D.K. (2014, August 14). E-Commerce is not eating retail, hbr.org website at https://hbr.org/2014/08/e-commerce-is-not-eating-retail accessed 5 May 2017. Ruggles, R., Holtshouse, D. 1999. The Knowledge Advantage. Capstone Publishers, Dover, NH. Walsh,S. (2016, March 3). The CEO of Rio Tinto on Managing in a Hypercyclical Industry. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2016/03/the-ceo-of-rio-tinto-on-managing-in-a-hypercyclical-industry