Intercultural Awareness essays

Intercultural Awareness essays This report provides an overview of different cultural challenges people encounter when their company sends them abroad to conduct business. It also conveys the importance of cultural training, which is necessary for a businessperson to be successful in another country. The report begins with cultural values in the areas of semantic differences, the importance of relationship building, and the different attitudes toward women. It continues with information on different types of nonverbal communication patterns and why it is important to recognize them and how they can impact business dealings abroad. The report also includes information on cultural etiquette, from exchanging a business card to giving gifts, and how the lack of proper etiquette abroad can make or break a business deal. The last topic reviews the stages of cultural shock and how it affects employees sent abroad without any prior intercultural training. The report concludes that there really is a different world out there and that adequate cultural training is needed for people traveling abroad to conduct business. Businesses today are conducting more business in other countries than ever before and their employees may be paying the price. To compete in today's global marketplace, companies and their employees must recognize that cultural differences do exist and understand what they are. Employers must ensure that adequate cultural training is provided to its employees before sending them abroad. This report outlines a sampling of cultural values and how they differ from ours. It also identifies the importance of providing cultural training for an organization that does business with diverse cultures. Businesses today are becoming more involved in global markets and their employees are traveling to countries outside of the U.S. more than ever before. Because of the lack of understanding of the culture, values, and customs to be encountered, a new enviro...

How to Use the French Expression Allons-y

How to Use the French Expression Allons-y The French phrase allons-y  (pronounced ah-lo(n)-zee) is one you may find yourself using if youre traveling with friends or about to begin something. Literally translated, it means Let us go there, but this idiomatic expression is usually understood to mean  Lets go. There are many variations of this common phrase, depending on the context, such as lets get going,  off we go, lets get started, here we go, and more. French speakers use it to  announce that its time to leave or to indicate the beginning of some activity.   Usage and Examples   The French expression  allons-y is essentially the first person plural (nous) form of the imperative of aller (to go), followed by the adverbial pronoun  y. Rough synonyms include  On y va!  (Lets go) and  Cest parti  (Here we go). An informal variation is Allons-y, Alonso.  The name Alonso doesnt refer to an actual person; its just tacked on for fun because its alliterative (the first two syllables are the same as those of  Allons-y). So its a bit like saying, Lets go, Daddy-o. If you were to put this in the third person  plural, youd get the similarly well-known French expression Allez-y! The idiomatic meaning of allez-y in colloquial French is something like Go on! or Off you go! Here are some other examples of how you might use this phrase in conversation: Il est tard, allons-y.   Its getting late;  lets go.Il y a un nouveau resto cà ´tà © du cinà ©ma, allons-y.   Theres a new restaurant next to the movie theater.  Lets go (eat there).Tu veux apprendre le japonais? Moi aussi, allons-y!   You want to learn Japanese? Me too. Lets go / Lets do it!Vous à ªtes prà ªts? Allons-y!   Are you ready? Lets go!Allons-y maintenant! Lets go now.OK, allons-y. Okay, lets go.Allons-y, ne nous gà ªnons pas!  (ironic usage)   Dont mind me !Allons bon, jai perdu ma clef maintenant!   Oh no, now Ive lost my key !Allons bon, voil quil recommence pleurer!   Here we go; hes crying again !Eh bien,  allons-y  et voyons sil disait la và ©rità ©.  Ã‚  Well,  lets go  and see if he was telling the truth.Alors,  allons-y. Oà ¹ mettez-vous les mains?  Ã‚  Go on then. Do you put your hands like this?Enfin, puisque vous insistez,  allons-y.   Oh, well, if you insist.  Come  on.Je suis partante,  allons-y, ici, t out de suite.  Ã‚  Im ready.  Lets do it. Right here, now.A quoi cela ressemblerait-il? Alors  allons-y.  Ã‚  What would it look like? Lets  begin. Sinon, remontons nos manches et  allons-y.  Ã‚  Otherwise, lets roll up our sleeves and  get on with it.

Principles of Management and Elements of Control Assignment - 1

Principles of Management and Elements of Control - Assignment Example The American Red Cross website can be accessed at http://www.redcross.org/. Questions have been raised about how a nonprofit organization can become more popular and effective -than other organizations such as for-profit organizations offering similar services. There are various points that account for its success and these are stipulated in the fundamental principles of Global Red Cross Network (American Red Cross 2013). One of the principles is that of Humanity, which stipulates that the teams would always work to alleviate all forms of human suffering without discriminating any affected person. The principle of humanity eventually fosters friendship, mutual understanding, peace and cohesion amongst the population it serves. The second principle is that of impartiality which prevents the team from engaging in practices that amount to discrimination based on religiosity, political stand, nationality and social and economic class. Rather, all practices should be informed by the individual needs while giving consideration to the most urgent and critical issues. The third principle, which is closely related to the principle of impartiality, is that of neutrality that bars the team from taking sides in the political, social, religious and ideological controversies. The fourth principle is that of independence. This principle guides that the team should work without undue influence from the third parties such as national politics and religiosity. This is aimed at ensuring that the teams maintain their autonomy. The fifth principle is that of Voluntary service, which rules that the team is not supposed to engage in practices that are profit oriented. The sixth principles is that of unity, which emphasizes that members of the teams should work together to realize the set goals while touching every person in  need, regardless of the country’s geographical region. The last principles are that of universality, which acknowledges that every society across the globe has an equal status and have equal responsibilities in improving the life of every person.  

Impact of brands names such as Levis, McDonald,Starbucks,Disney on Essay

Impact of brands names such as Levis, McDonald,Starbucks,Disney on consumer - Essay Example Different companies use different ways to create strong brands for their products. Among the most successful brand names use pricing, production, promotion or place development or a combination of all these elements to have a strong market presence. This research seeks to identify the impact of brand names such as the Levis, McDonalds, Starbucks, and Disney on the consumer by using branding strategies such as pricing, production, promotion, and development place. Levis For over a long period, Levis, a jeans manufacturing company has made a name for its self, cutting an edge in the clothing industry. Not only does that the company boast of a quality garments, it also has a high market presence ("Levi Strauss & Co"  2). By making sure that it is a global product, it makes it sure, that its customers can assess the great brand from any particular part of the world (Mortimer et al. 90). With an increase in the level of competition in the clothes industry, having as strong brand is the only means of winning a competitive edge over other companies in the business. The market mix of the brand, by offering high quality products, also matches this with the pricing. Levis makes sure that the customers acquire top quality from the apparel industry, especially for their originality and integrity (Doorey 592). Quality, coupled with pricing wins the hearts of the customers, earning the company a larger market share than other companies (Healey, 12). Part of its marketing strategy is identification, which seeks to make sure that kids identify themselves as being â€Å"cool.† As such, it makes sure that its products, though having an innovative pricing strategy, are affordable to the people. However, it does not price its commodities very low, as there is an association between low pricing with poor quality products by customers. The aggressiveness with which Levis markets its products and the coolness identification among the peers is one of the main reasons for the company’s success in the clothes industry ("Levi Strauss & Co† 6). Being a jeans manufacturing company, Levis targets the youth, a market ready to purchase its products, especially due to the recognition of wearing a Levis brand. McDonalds Everybody knows of the McDonalds fast foods restaurant, whether they eat fast foods or not. For most of the people who love fast foods, they are passionate about McDonalds. With its heavy presence among major towns in the country, and the quality of its products, people feel compelled to eat from one of its restaurants (Min and Hyesung 288). The proximity of these eateries to their customers and the quality products they have to offer gives the company customer preference over other fast businesses (Pike 22). Walking into a McDonald’s restaurant, a customer receives everything they need, from food to soft drinks and snacks (Thomadsen 794). McDonalds could have a price higher than most of other companies in the business, but its association with quality give it a competitive edge makes the brand more attractive than other brands in the market. People associate with McDonalds, describing their loyalty to the brand, and as such, prefer eating from the restaurant to other restaurants. Starbucks The giant coffee restaurant has earned a name for its self for providing the best quality coffee

Appropriate Climate Responsive Technologies for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development Essay Example for Free

Appropriate Climate Responsive Technologies for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development Essay Life is strange; we don’t know what would be the next moment of it? What will it bring to us? What will it take from us? If it will raise us to the top of our happiest moment or it will throw us in the dark of death? We only knew to respond its moves. Its human nature to keep hope for the best. We never ever think about the end of life, instead we always think about the most remarkable, comfortable easy-going journey of life. And to do this, we have been working since our very first scientific finding of Fire†¦ Change is being the law of nature, and we made it a habit to respond the change. We responded, but we forgot to respect it. Now, climate change is the most serious challenge human society has ever faced and everybody including business houses have already realized the gravity of the issue. Greed for the energy and power of the human society is leading to the emission of carbon right from the ancient time. And now we are suffering with climate change. Climate change is a global environmental problem which has been receiving intense political attention both at domestic and international levels. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) defines ‘climate change’ as a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. The major characteristics of climate change include rise in average global temperature, ice cap melting, changes in precipitation, and increase in ocean temperature leading to sea level rise. Precisely at a time when India is confronted with development imperatives, we have been severely impacted by climate change. Like other developed countries, several sections of Indian populance are not being able to buffer themselves from impacts of global warming. With close economic ties to natural resources and climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water forestry, India is facing a major threat and requires serious adaptive capacity to combat climate change. As a developing country, India can little afford the rise economic backlashes that industrialized nations can. With 27. 5% of the population still below the poverty line, reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is essential. Although not an emitter historically , India currently has one of the fastest growing economies in the world with a government target 8% GDP to achieve development priorities, a share of one sixth of the global population, and changing consumption patterns, India’s emissions are set to increase dramatically. The International Energy Agency predicts that India will become the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases by as early as 2015. Besides this, developing countries are still emitting carbon greenhouse gases at higher rates, contributing to the climate changes. Use of the fossile fuels, coal at large extent is the basic reason for the carbon emission. Power sector is 28. 9% of greenhouse gas emission, while domestic sector where coal LPG, wood kerosene are being used as fuel is contributing 6. 4% followed by industrial sector 12. % and construction sector 9. 7 %( required for production of steel, cement brick, etc. ) Technology simply means the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, has a very vital role in the strategies to mitigate climate change. In 1987, the United Nations released the Brundtland Report, which included what is now one of the most widely recognized definitions: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The World commission on Environment Development has defined ‘Sustainable Development’ as balancing the fulfillment of the human needs with protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. In simple words, we want a development which lasts for the infinite time without any harm to the nature as well as society. The word sustainable has been used in too many situations today, and ecological sustainability is one of those terms that confuse a lot of people. You hear about sustainable development, sustainable growth, sustainable economies, sustainable societies, and sustainable agriculture. Everything is sustainable. The term ‘Inclusive growth’ includes the overall development of population with correct wealth distribution, development of poor underprivileged , and deprived part of society by way of providing education for all, better agriculture production, and industrial development. Inclusive growth by its very definition implies an equitable allocation of resources with benefits incurred to every section of the society. But the allocation of resources must be focused on the intended short and long term benefits of the society such as availability of consumer goods, people access, employment, standard of living etc. It sets a direct relationship between macro and micro determinant of the economy and its growth. The micro dimension includes the structural transformation of the society and macro dimension includes the country’s gross national product (GNP) and gross domestic product (GDP). To maintain rapid and sustainable growth is some time very difficult this is because resources vapourises during the allocation and may give rise to negative externality such as rise in corruption which is major problem in the developing nation. But however it has created an environment of equality in opportunity in all dimension of livelihood. Such as employment creation, market, consumption, production, and has created a platform for people who are poor to access good standard of living. If we focus on the inequality between poor and rich household in a country we can reach to an optimal solution so that we can minimize the difference.

Adam Sandler Essay -- essays research papers

It seems you either love him or hate him - but there's no avoiding him. Adam Sandler has risen to the top, and he has his loyal fans to thank for it. While most actors fight their way to the top while relying mainly on hype, for Sandler this was actually against him. No one thought he would succeed, but the fans made it happen, carrying him to the top of the box office. Sandler grew up in Brooklyn, New York and was born on September 9th, 1966. While this probably doesn't come as a surprise, Adam was the class clown throughout high school. What was surprising is that Adam never realized how useful his sense of humor would be. He got his start in stand-up comedy one night when he got and started performing at a Boston bar he frequently went to. Although Sandler is often dismissed as Immature, he has a University education with a degree in Fine Arts from New York University. He relied on the money that he earned in stand-up and from a recurring role on the hit Cosby Show as Theo Huxtable's dim-witted buddy. He spent some time doing stand-up in L.A., where former Saturday Night Live star Dennis Miller caught his act. Miller spoke to producer Lorne Michaels about him, and Adam Sandler was soon working for SNL. At first, he was mainly a writer who appeared on the show occasionally. However, his appearances were so popular (ie: Operaman, Canteen Boy) that his status soon changed to that of a regular player. During the early 90s, he was by far the most popular and entertaining ca...

A letter to Dr. King

I hereby write this letter to emphasize on the step that you have taken that will make a great history to the American society and on the social issues that are highlighted in the letter.Being the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) you have the mandate and authority to talk on the injustice which is developing in many states like Birmingham. It is known that injustice is a threat to justice everywhere and this should provide a reason for your actions. More so, we should understand that whatever affects one affects all of us because we are tied in a single garment of destiny.There are many demonstrations going on at Birmingham that should be taken care off by first collecting the facts on whether injustices exist or the use of direct action, all this involves a non-violent action. This city is mostly segregated in United States with the Negros receiving unjust treatments in the courts. This is even worse as many homes for the Negros have experienced more bombings which even extend to their churches.These demonstrations are more so necessary at this moment because of the trend of economy. This is the time when there shall be a strong economic withdrawal program as a result of the direct action, the time when the merchants shall be in need for change.It is necessary to put direct and indirect action towards demonstrations in Birmingham because; this can create a situation that can bring about an open door for negotiation. More so still the Birmingham administration shall not be allowed to act because it must first be prodded before it starts to act. From the past, it has been seen that there has not been any gain without using a determined legal and nonviolent pressures. Therefore, there is need to get engaged in the direct-action campaign because we know that justice that is delayed too long is simply justice denied.The American community has waited for a long duration without having the constitutional and God-given rights which mean s there is a slow down in gaining political independence. Therefore, people have increased their anxiety to break laws which are unjust. This is because of the existence of two types of laws which are just and unjust laws. Unjust laws are those that degrade the human personality like the segregated statutes or just arresting a charge of parading without permit which is used for example to maintain segregation and deny citizens a peaceful assembly and protest.Another major social concern that you expressed in the letter is recognition of the importance of law in a country. That is it exists in order to establish justice and that if violated we are likely to become a dam that is dangerously structured for the purpose of blocking social progress. I certainly do not support this because the whites seem to have a low regard of the existence of law.This is the main limiting factor to establishment of justice in the legal systems. It has however been expected that the oppressor race shall be at least understand the needs of the oppressed race which is just but a dream a reason as to why the oppressed should be strong, persistent and determined for action.I still feel that the church has some inner strong power to take care of the oppressed race which has been an inverse in the present times. But lack of will has made it weak and has had an ineffectual voice that is unable to perform its duties.

Electronically Mediated Communication Essay

Our everyday communication involves talking to friends, lovers, family members, acquaintances, co-workers and people in service positions. We do this routinely, usually without much thought, unless some problem occurs or the relationship starts to take a turn for the worse. Then we become painfully aware of the poor communication we have had with another. We’ve probably all had relationships that slipped away because we couldn’t talk to each other or didn’t bother to try. In this chapter we will look at the mundane, yet remarkable, process of dyadic (one-on-one), Electronically Mediated Interpersonal Communication. We’ll take a topical approach to the subject of Electronically Mediated Interpersonal Communication, examining a broad array of topics studies done on the subject at hand. We will begin with an examination of cell phone usage processes and then spend time on the role of communication in the formation, maintenance, and dissolution of relationships of all types. You will learn new terms and theories and how they can apply to your own relationships and communication abilities using Electronically Mediated Interpersonal Communication. Cell phones Cell phones are becoming an integral part of our daily lives. It is no surprise that a ground breaking study just released says mobile technology has permanently changed the way we work, live, and love. Commissioned by Motorola, this new behavioral study took researchers to nine cities worldwide from New York to London. Using a combination of personal interviews, field studies, and observation, the study identified a variety of behaviors that demonstrate the dramatic impact cell phones are having on the way people interact. The study found cell phones give people a newfound personal power, enabling unprecedented mobility and allowing them to conduct their business on the go. Interesting enough, gender differences can be found in phone use. Women  see their cell phone as a means of expression and social communication, while males tend to use it as an interactive toy. Some men view the cell phone as a status symbol – competing with other males for the most high tech toy and even using the cell phone to seduce the opposite sex. The study found two types of cell phone users- â€Å"innies,† who use their phones discreetly, and â€Å"outies,† who are louder and less concerned with the people around them. The report, titled On the Mobile, has labeled today’s teenagers â€Å"The Thumb Generation.† Cell phones are often used by the younger generation to send text messages by typing with their thumbs on the phone’s keypad. Believe it or not, this has had a profound effect on the way teenagers use their thumbs. Thumb dexterity has improved so much that some teenagers now point and even ring doorbells with their thumb instead of their forefinger. The use of these two-way text messaging devices has also resulted in â€Å"generation text,† a language of abbreviations that is understood by the young all over the world. Yet cell phones are not just for the young. The cell phone has made long distance communications easy. GSM phones that place calls worldwide have turned the universe into a global village. They are helping people from all generations cross cultural and physical borders. Mobile technology, specifically the use of cell phones, has become an internal part of today’s life all around the globe. Cell phones have become so second nature in our society that the daily answering of your cell phone when having a face to face interaction with a friend, spouse, or acquaintance becomes a first priority (Kelly calls me) and is no longer viewed as an interruption, but rather seen as a status symbol. This is also problematic because it has made our conversations become public for all to hear no longer having those intimate private talks, now anyone who is around you can listen in and become part of our conversations.. There currently over 170 million users in the United States and growing by 1  million every month. Cell Phone Usage In a June 2000 Cellular One survey of college students [6], the students reported the following as the most important reasons for purchasing a cell phone: – Emergencies (47%) – To contact significant others (44%) – To keep in touch with family members (58%) – To coordinate social activities (32%) In the same survey students reported that the reasons they actually used their cell phones were: – Optimize time — make calls while walking or driving (56.6%) – Emergencies (35.5%) – Coordinate social activities (7.0%) Juanita gives example of cell phone use. Participation Question: How do you react to someone using there cell phone in a public place? For instance when you are seating down in the theater getting ready to see the movie and someone’s cell phones goes off? What doe you do? What’s your reaction? Have them write down answer then share with class. E-mails Another form of Electronically Mediated Interpersonal Communication is the Internet. Electronic communication is usually transmitted via the internet. Which is an international electronic computer network made up of smaller computer networks. The internet is an information management system made up of information providers and information seekers. This idea of linking computers came to fruition in the mid 1960’s. In 1983 this network became known collectively as the internet. The World Wide Web is part of the internet where information is presented. Here are some terms that are associated with the internet. Go online to show examples. * Webpages- are somewhat like pages in a book that include both pictures and text. * Websites- Are a collection of webpages belonging to the same organization or person. * Home page- Is the first page of a website. * Browser- Is a program that enables you to search millions of websites otherwise known as surfing the net. These programs include Netsacpe, Explore, just to name a few. * Uniform resource locator or URL- The path name of a domain. * Bookmark- Stores favorite sites that you would like to re-visit. * Search engines- Identifies websites and corresponding URL’s like google and yahoo. Give some stats on internet usage in the United States. Write on board (Kelly). Internet usage among Americans are as followed: Women use the internet 67% Men use the internet 69% more that women Now we will also break down internet usage by age: 18-29 84% 30-49 80% 50-64 67% 65+ 26% As you can see the usage is cut drastically as we move into the older generation. The older generations did not have the accessibility to these new electronic mediated forms of communication. Younger generations have practically been raised with these devices in place and are part of their everyday lives. Another part of being online is emails. This is a written form of communication sent via the internet. Email is the largest application of internet technology. In the early 90’s email was an option available mostly for interoffice communication. Only a small number of people were experimenting with emails as a general means to communication. Today of the 75% of teens online, email accounts for most of their one on one contacts. Email has two major advantages: one its fast and two its unlimited. But unlike traditional mail, email is public and not private. People can intercept and read nearly any message sent using the right software. So once again privacy is no longer an objective, but convenience has become the number one priority in our lives. This is seen in the way we communicate in emails. So fast paced has our lives become that we now abbreviate words and  thoughts into mere letters, like B.F.N. which stands for BYE FOR NOW. Not only has communication become shorter, but also less meaningful. Over 36 billion emails are sent on a daily basis worldwide. We must remember that emails are forms of communication and should be treated as any other form of public interaction, that is respect. Here are some skills that should be kept in mind when using this form of electronically mediated interpersonal communication: SENDER SKILLS 1. USING PRECISE, CONCRETE WORDS– Since tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures and other nonverbal means we use to communicate are virtually nonexistent in cyber communication, you need to be especially careful with the words you use when writing to another person. â€Å"What do you say we get together sometime† does little more than express an interest in meeting, but say you were to include times you are available, and a potential date for meeting, the other person will be more likely to accept an invitation to meet because they see it as a possibility rather than an abstract idea. 2. PROVIDING DETAILS AND EXAMPLES – Once again, it’s not what you say, it’s how you say it. Being too short in an email to someone could likely cause miscommunication. However, providing details and examples can help to clear up any confusion. 3. DESCRIBE YOUR FEELINGS – Clear content (ideas, details, explanation, feelings) helps the receiver understand not only what you’re talking about, but how the subject at hand makes you feel. If I were to email someone and tell them â€Å"I ran out of gas today, smashed my toe on the wall, and got to work late†, they would have assume that I was not having a good day, but wouldn’t be able to tell how it had made me feel. Now if I were to say â€Å"I had a horrible morning. I smashed my toe on the wall while I was running out of the house, ran out of gas on the way to work and showed up 20 minutes late. I’m feeling so stressed and upset!† the receiver of my information would definitely get a clear picture of how the morning made me feel. 4. PRESENT YOUR IDEAS POLITELY – When we’re online there’s a tendency to separate ourselves from the person we’re talking with. Sometimes this leads to saying things in a way that others will perceive as offensive. Say Kyle and Chris got in an argument a few days ago. Rather than simply saying â€Å"Chris I want to talk about what happened the other day†, Kyle may want to say â€Å"Chris, when you get a chance, I think we should talk about the other day. I really value our friendship, and was wondering if you would want to get together to clear the air†. Now Kyle is letting Chris know that he doesn’t intend on letting the friendship get ruined because of one argument, but he also doesn’t want to have any hostility going into the reconciliation. RECEIVER SKILLS 1. LISTEN TO WHAT THE PERSON HAS SAID – a tool one can use when reading an email is to say it out loud, not just skim through it. You are now adding the nonverbals that the simple words on the page are lacking. 2. BE SENSITIVE TO THE PERSON’S FEELINGS – Even if the printed message may not capture a person’s feelings as well as we’d like, we must still try and be in tune with them. Someone we are closely involved with may expect us to empathize with them when they are sending us a message. So rather than simply reading the words, we must try and imagine how those words make the sender feel by thinking about that person in general. In some cases, we may still be unclear about the meaning of a certain message, and this is when perception checking comes in handy. We must ask the person to try and clear up what they meant when a message is ambiguous or vague. 3. PARAPHRASE KEY IDEAS BEFORE YOU RESPOND – DUH! Perception check. If someone emailed you saying â€Å"I spoke with my manager the other day and he said he’s laying off my closest friend here†, you may respond â€Å"I get the sense that you are upset with your manager for his decision to lay off your friend, and also feel bad for your friend about the possibility of him losing his job – am I right? The person can then respond letting you know if you got the message right. 4. BE SUPPORTIVE WHEN A PERSON IS SHARING GOOD NEWS – Regardless of how a person has phrased their message, they expect their message to be fully understood. If someone shares good news with you, they expect you to respond in a positive manner. 5. PRAISE A PERSON’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS — kinda self explanatory. 6. TRY TO COMFORT A PERSON WHO’S HURTING – People who are close to us seek comfort. Because of the lack of sharing the same personal space with the person whom we are communicating, we may not feel inclined to get involved in the issue with which that person is struggling. But remember, a person would not say anything unless they were seeking comfort. So if your friend emails you and says â€Å"I’ve been having a bad week. My dog is sick, I’m behind on homework, and I haven’t been myself lately†, you musn’t ignore that person, but provide some sort of support. Responding with â€Å"Man, that sucks† is NOT a good way to comfort someone. However, responding with, â€Å"Wow, I’m so sorry. I really hope your dog is okay, and if you need any help with getting organized, let me know what I can do. I’m here for you, and you can call me if you ever need to just vent† is a better way of showing the person that you care about them and their current situation. Participation question: How often do you use your email account on a weekly basis? Write down answer and then share with class. Other interactions that can take place using the internet is newsgroups and chat rooms. Everyday millions of people chat online with friends, colleagues and strangers. Teens use this form of interaction the most amount of time. Many teens engage in internet chat because they can be themselves more oppose to face to face interactions. This is due to them not being afraid of how people will judge them. One unique characteristic of being online is that your real identity is usually kept secret. Most people adopt a cyber identity or persona. In this make believe world you can become anything or anyone you want. This can be  somewhat problematic because so can everyone else. Here are a few definitions on the topic: Newsgroups- Is an electronic gathering place for people with similar interests. (Online example) Chat- Is an online interactive exchange between two or more people. (Online example) Lurking- Listening in on newsgroups or chat conversations. (Online example) Flaming- A hostile or negative respond to what you’ve written. (Online example) Participation question: Does anyone belong to a Newsgroup or likes to chat online? How often? Thomas gives example about chat rooms. Thanks to advances in technology, people are introduced to others they have  never seen through chat rooms and internet dating services. These people mostly meet in a room where they talk about a certain subject. The people who meet online are likely to try and develop these Electronically Mediated relationships (or EM relationship) into a personal relationship. They will meet in a chat room, and if an interest in someone sparks the desire to â€Å"meet† in a private chat room, they may do so. From here, people are able to communicate one-on-one and may then find out they have more than one thing in common. If the interest continues to grow, they may talk over the phone, and eventually meet in person. The result could be just a friendship, or an intimate relationship. Statistics show that 23.7% of the people in a study of a certain newsgroup  or chatroom communicated with their partner 3-4 times a week, and 55.4% communicated at least on a weekly basis. These EM relationships are attractive to some people with busy lifestyles who claim they have no time to â€Å"do the bar scene†. Other people who have a face-to-face relationships use EMC to sustain that relationship. E-mail was originally designed as a tool for conducting business, but is now used widely by friends, family, and lovers to maintain close connection that might be difficult to sustain when there is a lack of time, or there is great distance between the two parties. Instant Messaging is one of the most widely used tools for sustaining or developing relationships. My brother lives with me, yet when we are at home, we get the most  talking done while using Instant Messenger from separate rooms in the house. This is not to say our relationship wouldn’t last if we didn’t communicate via the internet, but it is a good way to catch up on each others’ lives while still working on what needs to get done like homework, and obviously communicating with others as well. EMC is less fruitful than face to face communication, because text messages are  primarily verbal. We have talked about the loss or lack of intimacy in EMC, and this is mostly because the way we say our words means more than just what is said. Ms. Mallard used the example of â€Å"I Love You† in class. Typing â€Å"I love you†, while getting the message across, does not necessarily reflect the emotion and intent behind those three words. We refer to our EM encounters as â€Å"talking to people†, but the words we write seldom carry out as much meaning as we think. Only with videoconferencing is the full range of nonverbal messages available. After all, communication is at its most effective when there are verbal AND  nonverbal messages being carried out EMC, conducted via keyboard entries, is slower paced than face-to-face conversations. We think faster than we can  type (unless you’re  Super-Secretary). Although this slower rate may provide a person more time for thought, this slower transmission reduces the spontaneity that is an important characteristic of face-to-face interaction. EM communicators are perceived to be less supportive. As stated before, short messages may be interpreted many different ways, and are more often seen as very impersonal. In face-to-face communication, anywhere from 33% to 100% of the meaning depends on how the message was stated. Many people are attracted to EMC as a means of developing or maintaining relationships if they have had difficulty cultivating strong interpersonal relationships in person. Because EMC is planned, some people are able to show verbal skillfulness and humor in their writing, but lack those skills in face to face settings. Some individuals report that EM relationships are more satisfying than face-to-face relationships. Now is this because we have advanced so far in the technological field that more and more people are online, thus providing us with a greater range of people to meet, or is this because people are losing the ability to â€Å"hold their own† in a face-to-face encounter. Americans used to go to clubs or bars to meet people, but are now staying home on Friday nights to talk to their online partner because they are more comfortable suppressing their need for group interaction in a less threatening atmosphere. Think about it, it is easier to talk to someone you are interested in online because the things you would have trouble saying in person simply roll right off your fingertips when using the internet. The awkwardness in a first conversation is virtually  non-existent. You feel more connected to that person, and relationships tend to develop faster this way. Role of Electronic Communication in Building Relationships Today communication technologies are changing the way we building and maintaining relationships. Prior to 1990, people became more acquainted mostly with those with whom they had personal physical contact. At the same  time, dating services advertised that they can get people in the same community acquainted with each other within a week. Today, people are able to make acquaintances with people around the world within seconds. From Online to In-Person Relationships In face to face relationships, trust is built over time. In EM relationships, making a trust evaluation is more difficult. Some of the media through which relationships are developed are very â€Å"opaque.† Kelly gives example about Justine (trust factor). The dark side of Electronically Mediated Communication There are three main problems with EMC EM communication to form relationship and acquire information has a number of risks and abuse. ( Abuse of Anonymity) Write on board—- One type of abuse in Internet- based relationships stems from the common practice of assuming a fictitious online persona. (Dishonesty) Write on board—–A second risk in cyber relationships lies in the ease with which one can be deceived. In cyberspace, people commonly lie about their sex and physical attributes, and create fictitious careers, homes, and so forth. Unfortunately, some people use cyberspace to prey on others. When we develop in-person relationships, we usually have independent ways of confirming that the people are what they are representing themselves to be. Because we don’t know our EM partners in person we are severely limited in our abilities to independently confirm what we are told. Abuse of anonymity and dishonesty are of special concern for EM relationships formed by children. In 1998, seventeen million children ages two to eighteen were online. That number is expected to grow even higher. This is of some concern as well due to the growing numbers of Addiction. (Addiction) Write on board—– A third potential problem for children and adults alike is technological addictions, defined as non chemical (behavioral) addictions  that involves human machine interaction. People who are addicted spend inordinate amounts of time online and begin to prefer their cyber relationships to their real ones. So in conclusion technology has made some great strides in bringing the world closer, meaning we literally have the world at our fingertips. We can communicate with someone in Ireland at the press of a button. The effectiveness of Electronically Mediated Communication as it relates to inter-personal communication lies solely in how we choose to use it. EMC, if used incorrectly can drastically deteriorate the level of human intimacy and can take away the private aspect of communication with loved ones and has in turn made it into a public affair.

When to See a Doctor for Bursitis

When to See a Doctor for Bursitis Bursitis is defined as the irritation or inflammation of a bursa (fluid-filled sacs attached to joints). You can often effectively treat bursitis at home. However, in some cases, you may want or need to treat bursitis with some techniques not available at home and require a visit to a doctor. If you have bursitis and you experience a warm swelling, a fever or become sick you may have septic bursitis and should seek medical attention. Septic bursitis needs antibiotic medication to treat it. In the case of non-septic bursitis you should consider seeing a doctor: If the pain becomes severe or is getting progressively worseIf your range of motion is being hampered and the swelling and stiffness is getting worseIf your strength is affectedIf the injury is becoming chronic and never fully alleviates, or commonly reoccursIf methods for preventing bursitis have not proven sufficientIf home treatments are not effectiveIf you can not change your habits or the repetitive stress causing your bursitis is unavoidable What to Expect From Your Doctor If you are seeking medical help for your bursitis then your general practitioner is probably your first stop. Your doctor will need a history of your condition including the symptoms and activities that trigger or worsen the symptoms. Additionally, you should provide your doctor with information about any treatments, over the counter medication or home remedies you have tried and how effective they have been. Your doctor will perform a basic physical examination of the affected area to check for a swollen bursa. Diagnostic imagery is usually not required  but is some difficult cases it may be requested. Imagery, such as an X-ray or MRI, can help fill out a comprehensive diagnosis. Once diagnosed your doctor may prescribe treatment or refer you to a specialist. In some cases, your doctor may suggest draining the bursa to reduce the swelling. This can usually be done during the same visit. Your doctor will simply insert a syringe into the bursa and remove some of the fluid. This can provide immediate relief but does not treat the cause of bursitis.​ When referring you to a specialist your general practitioner will often suggest a physical therapist or occupational therapist. These therapists will develop a treatment regimen of exercise and/or behavioral therapy that should change or remove the repetitive stress that is causing bursitis as well as strengthening the area so it is more robust. What to Bring to Your Doctor Being prepared with a thorough history of your symptoms can help your doctor diagnose your bursitis. Organize your information to help your doctor get through all the pertinent parts in the time usually allotted for an appointment. The information you should have on hand includes: What your symptoms areWhen your symptoms first presented or startedHow severe your symptoms areIf your symptoms come and go or are persistentWhat activities trigger or worsen your symptomsWhat kind of repetitive stress concerning the area of your bursitis you regularly encounterAny candidate causes of bursitis you have identifiedAny injuries within the past 6 months to the area of your bursitisOther medical conditions you currently suffer from or have had in the past, including surgeries When gathering your information, it is beneficial to journal your symptoms. Write down all your symptoms with notes about duration and severity. Use a Visual Analog Pain Scale to track the pain. Make notes of the activities that may contribute to bursitis and what effect they seem to have. Furthermore, write down any treatments and if they have a positive or negative effect. Last, but not least, write down any questions you have for your doctor before your appointment. Patients often get nervous or forget their questions when face to face with their doctor. Write down your questions and make sure you get satisfactory answers before you leave. Dont forget, your doctor is there to help you and you are paying them for that help, so make sure to get your moneys worth.

All About the Ancient Roman Family

All About the Ancient Roman Family The Roman family was called familia, from which the Latin word family is derived. The familia could include the triad with which we are familiar, two parents and children (biological or adopted), as well as slaves and grandparents. The head of the family (referred to as the pater familias) was in charge of even adult males in the familia. See Jane F. Gardners Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life reviewed by Richard Saller in The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 1. (Feb. 2000), pp. 260-261. Purposes of the Roman Family The Roman family was the basic institution of the Roman people. The Roman family transmitted morality and social status across generations. The family educated its own young. The family tended its own hearth, while the hearth goddess, Vesta, was tended by state priestess called Vestal Virgins. The family needed to continue so that dead ancestors could be honored by their descendants and connections made for political purposes. When this failed to be motive enough, Augustus Caesar offered financial incentives to families to breed. Marriage The wife of the pater familias (the mater familias) might have been considered part of her husbands family or part of her natal family, depending on the conventions of the marriage. Marriages in Ancient Rome could be in manu in the hand or sine manu without the hand. In the former case, the wife became part of her husbands family; in the latter, she remained tied to her family of origin. Divorce and Emancipation When we think of divorce, emancipation, and adoption, we usually think in terms of ending relationships between families. Rome was different. Inter-familial alliances were essential for garnering the support needed for political ends. Divorces could be granted so that partners could remarry into other families to establish new connections, but the family connections established via first marriages need not be broken. Emancipated sons were still entitled to shares of paternal estates. Adoption Adoption also brought families together and allowed continuity to families that would otherwise have no one to carry on the family name. In the unusual case of Claudius Pulcher, adoption into a plebeian family, led by a man younger than himself, allowed Claudius (now using the plebeian name Clodius) to run for election as tribune of the plebs. For information on the adoption of freedmen, see The Adoption of Roman Freedmen, by Jane F. Gardner. Phoenix, Vol. 43, No. 3. (Autumn, 1989), pp. 236-257. Familia vs. Domus In legal terms, familia included all those under the power of the pater familias; sometimes it meant only the slaves. The pater familias was usually the oldest male. His heirs were under his power, as were the slaves, but not necessarily his wife. A boy without a mother or children could be a pater familias. In non-legal terms, the mother/wife could be included in the familia, although the term usually used for this unit was domus, which we translate as home. See Familia, Domus, and the Roman Conception of the Family, by Richard P. Saller. Phoenix, Vol. 38, No. 4. (Winter, 1984), pp. 336-355. Household and Family Religion in Antiquity, edited by John Bodel and Saul M. Olyan Meaning of Domus Domus referred to the physical house, the household, including the wife, ancestors, and descendants. The domus referred to the places where the pater familias exerted his authority or acted as dominus. Domus was also used for the dynasty of the Roman emperor. Domus and familia were often interchangeable. Pater Familias vs. Pater or Parent While pater familias is usually understood as head of the family, it had the primary legal meaning of estate owner. The word itself was usually used in legal contexts and required only that the person be able to possess property. The terms usually used to denote parenting were parens parent, pater father, and mater mother. See Pater Familias, Mater Familias, and the Gendered Semantics of the Roman Household, by Richard P. Saller. Classical Philology, Vol. 94, No. 2. (Apr. 1999), pp. 182-197.

Influence of (items choose from the requirement) on the culture of an Essay

Influence of (items choose from the requirement) on the culture of an organisation and the way in which employees are managed 2235 - Essay Example Moreover, organizations are nowadays more inclined towards horizontal structure such team as compared to the traditionally preferred vertical hierarchy (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2009). Change trends and patterns have led to the increased emphasis on the effective management of people. With these changes and patterns at affect, academics and the practitioners have increased attention towards the developing systems for the effective management of working groups and teams (John, 2002). Importantly, as a consequence of the teams and working groups, organization also increases the chances of the conflicts that require negotiations for resolution (Maybey, Salaman, and Storey, 1999). All this is critical in maintaining a healthy organizational culture in an organization. With this backdrop of the human resource management and the organizational culture with role of teams and working groups as well as conflicts and negotiations in an organization, this report is aimed at developed review of these aspects on theoretical grounds and its organizational implications. In groups individual task is important but in team to achieve the goal of overall team is more important, which means everyone’s outcome is more important as compare to individual outcome (Kramar, Mcgrew, & Schuler. 1997). In group individual was accountable for his performance but in team, every team member will be held accountable for the performance. For the guidance of the team so that it works in a flow and with high productivity team leaders are being selected from the senior managers. A work group consists of two or three people who belong to same department but divided to achieve different task of that department (Newman, & Hodgetts, 1998). For example, one employee is assigned to conduct marketing research; another employee is assigned to do a marketing campaign of their product. Although it is a group work but in this an individual is responsible for his own act and every group member is